On August 30

Ukrainian politician Andriy Parubiy was assassinated in Lviv, Ukraine.

The last remaining American troops left Afghanistan, ending U.S. involvement in the war.

A heavy bomber that had been unintentionally loaded with nuclear missiles flew them from North Dakota to Louisiana before they were recognized.

Gulf War: US General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. issued General Order No. 1 prohibiting US troops from consuming alcohol or possessing pornographic material.

Discovery, the third orbiter of NASA's Space Shuttle program, lifted off on its maiden voyage from Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

Iranian president Mohammad-Ali Rajai and prime minister Mohammad-Javad Bahonar were assassinated in a bombing committed by the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran.

A powerful bomb exploded at the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries headquarters in Marunouchi, Tokyo, killing eight people.

An express train carrying foreign workers from Yugoslavia to West Germany derailed in Zagreb, killing 153 people.

Thurgood Marshall was confirmed as the first African-American Supreme Court justice.

Writer and politician Abdul Muis became the first person to be awarded the posthumous title of National Hero of Indonesia.

South Vietnamese opposition figure Phan Quang Đán was elected to the National Assembly, despite soldiers being bussed in to vote multiple times for President Ngô Đình Diệm's candidate.

Second World War: German field marshal Erwin Rommel launched the last major Axis offensive of the Western Desert campaign, attacking British positions near El Alamein, Egypt.

British and Australian prisoners of war in Singapore revolted against their Japanese captors, who required them to pledge not to escape.

World War I: The Battle of Tannenberg resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian 2nd Army by the German 8th Army.

European settlers landing on the north banks of the Yarra River in Southeastern Australia founded the city of Melbourne (Parliament House pictured).

King James VI of Scotland held a masque at the baptism of Prince Henry, his first child.

Guru Ram Das (pictured) became the fourth of the Sikh gurus, the spiritual masters of Sikhism.

Paul II succeeded Pius II as pope of the Catholic Church.

First Jewish–Roman War: Roman forces led by Titus set fire to the Second Temple during the siege of Jerusalem.