On January 29

A lone gunman carried out a mass shooting at a mosque in Quebec City, Canada, killing six people and injuring up to nineteen others.

Twenty-one people died when SCAT Airlines Flight 760 crashed near Almaty, Kazakhstan.

The Supreme Constitutional Court of Egypt ruled that people who did not adhere to one of the three government-recognised religions were also eligible to receive government identity documents.

India's Irfan Pathan became the first bowler to take a Test cricket hat-trick in the opening over of a match.

The first major ground engagement of the Gulf War began with the Iraqi invasion of Khafji, Saudi Arabia, recaptured three days later by Coalition forces.

The Mantra-Rock Dance (poster pictured), called the "ultimate high" of the hippie era, took place in San Francisco, featuring Swami Bhaktivedanta, Janis Joplin, the Grateful Dead, and Allen Ginsberg.

World War II: At least 38 civilians were killed and about a dozen others injured when the Polish village of Koniuchy was attacked by a Soviet partisan unit with a contingent of Jewish partisans.

World War II: The Battle of Rennell Island, the last major naval engagement between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy during the Guadalcanal campaign, began.

Mexican Revolution: The Magonista rebellion began when Mexican Liberal Party troops captured the town of Mexicali.

Charles Curtis (pictured) of Kansas, a citizen of the Kaw Nation, became the first Native American U.S. Senator.

Liliʻuokalani, the last monarch and only queen regnant of the Hawaiian Kingdom, ascended the throne.

Queen Victoria introduced the Victoria Cross, originally to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.

American poet Edgar Allan Poe's "The Raven" appeared in The Evening Mirror as the newspaper's first publication attributed to Poe.

War of the Sixth Coalition: At the Battle of Brienne, both sides' commanders, Napoleon and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, were nearly captured.

The Abbasid caliph, al-Mustakfi, was deposed, and went on to spend the rest of his life as a prisoner in the caliphal palace.

Sergius III returned from exile to take over the papacy from the deposed antipope Christopher.

An Lushan, leader of a revolt against the Tang dynasty and emperor of Yan, was assassinated in a plot involving his own son, An Qingxu.